The latter is composed of cold-rolled hard steel plates coated with a mixture of pure zinc and an iron-zinc alloy. It has a pure zinc coating with no zinc spangle. The former is composed of cold-rolled annealed steel. Galvanized steel is available in two varieties: electro-galvanized sheets and hot-dipped metallic-coated sheets. Its properties make this type of sheet metal ideal for the construction of tools, such as punches, dies, blades, and hammers. Tool steel is resistant to abrasion and functions well in extreme temperatures. As with alloy steel, the elements contained within tool steel vary in type and ratio depending on the desired application. Immensely versatile, tool steel is a rigid alloy containing about one percent carbon. Higher levels of carbon result in a slightly more fragile product, ideal for delicate items, such as wires. Medium carbon steel is a popular choice for automotive vehicles and appliances. Low amounts of carbon result in a highly versatile material, most commonly found in everyday objects like fences and gates. Depending on the desired application, a manufacturer can choose from steel with low, medium, or high levels of carbon content. Iron is alloyed with carbon in this sheet metal material, providing an option with high amounts of strength. In addition to its versatility, alloy steel is also highly affordable. Common additions include tungsten, chromium, and manganese, for rigidity, or vanadium and nickel, for strength. The main component of this material is carbon steel. Alloy SteelĪs the name suggests, alloy steel combines multiple elements to enable a customizable set of properties. It is weldable, though it sacrifices some strength when welded. Grade 6061 is a structural alloy that is corrosion-resistant and strong, but not formable. Grade 5052 is significantly stronger while still formable, weldable, and corrosion-resistant. Grade 3003 is stronger and formable, weldable, corrosion-resistant, and affordable. Grade 1100 offers relatively low strength but is chemical and weather-resistant, weldable, and ductile, allowing deep drawing. Aluminum is also strong and can undergo laser cutting, welding, and machining.Ī moderately-priced material, aluminum has a range of characteristics across several grades to meet application requirements. This type of sheet metal offers significant corrosion resistance even without a finish. There are six major types of sheet metal material, each with its own unique advantages:įor applications that require a more lightweight material, aluminum is an excellent option. Sheet metal workers are also known as “tin beaters” (or “tin knockers”), a name derived from the hammering of sheet metal seams when installing sheet metal roofing. Historically, an important use of sheet metal was in plate armor worn by cavalry, and sheet metal continues to have many decorative uses, including in harnesses. Sheets of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, find applications in transformers and electrical machinery. Sheet metal is used in car and truck bodies, airplane fuselages and wings, medical tables, roofs for buildings (architecture), and many other applications. Related: What are the different types of metal? Some important sheets for decorative purposes include silver, gold, and platinum (platinum sheet is also used as a catalyst). Many different metals can be used in sheet metal manufacturing such as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel, and titanium. Parts made from sheet metal must maintain a consistent thickness for best results. For example, copper thickness is measured in ounces, which represents the weight of copper contained in a one-square-foot area. Thickness distinguishes between ferrous metals (iron-based) and non-ferrous metals such as aluminum or copper. The larger the number, the thinner the metal.Ĭommonly used sheet steel ranges from 30 gauge to about 7 gauge. In the United States, sheet metal thickness is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as thickness. In most parts of the world, the sheet thickness is given in millimeters. The coils are formed by passing a continuous sheet of metal through a slitter. Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. Thicknesses can vary significantly extremely thin sheet metal is considered foil or sheet, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 inch) are considered plate steel or “structural steel”. Countless everyday objects are fabricated from sheet metal. Sheet metal is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces.
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